中文摘要：

合金成分设计对于研发高性能复杂合金材料至关重要,是实现新材料研发由经验指导实验的传统模式向理论预测、实验验证的新模式转变的关键环节.总结了合金研发中常用设计方法的应用领域及存在的局限性,包括Hume-Rothery规则、电子理论、当量法、计算机模拟等.详细介绍了我们提出的基于固溶体局域短程序结构的团簇成分式设计方法.该方法建立在团簇加连接原子稳定固溶体结构模型基础上,其在不同复杂合金体系中的成功应用表明了该方法的普适性,为多元复杂合金成分设计提供了一种简单、精确的途径.

英文摘要：

The composition design is of importance for developing high-performance complex alloys and is also the primary step to realize a new mode for material development via theoretical prediction and experimental verification,in comparison with the traditional experience-oriented experiments.Traditional alloy design approaches,including Hume-Rothery rule,electron theories,equivalent method,computer simulation,etc.,are first reviewed from the viewpoints of their theoretical basis and applicability to limitations.Almost all the traditional alloys are based on solid solution structures,in which the typical characteristic is the chemical short-range order（CSRO） of the solute distribution.We propose a cluster-plus-glueatom model for stable solid solutions in light of CSRO.A cluster-formula composition design approach is presented for developing the multi-component high-performance alloys.The cluster-plus-glue-atom model classifies the solid solution structure into two parts,i.e.,the cluster part and the glue atom part,where the clusters are centered by solute atoms,showing the strong interactions of clusters with the solvent base and the weak interactions of clusters with solute atoms.The clusters are the nearest-neighbor polyhedrons,being cuboctahedron with a coordination number of 12（CN12） in FCC structure and rhombic dodecahedron with a CN14 in BCC structure,respectively.Then a uniform cluster-formula of[CN12/14 cluster]（glue atom）x is achieved from the cluster model.Its wide applications in different multi-component alloy systems confirm its universality as a simple and accurate tool for multiple-component complex alloy composition design.Such alloy systems include corrosion-resistant Cu alloys,high-performance Ni-base superalloys,high-strength maraging stainless steels,Ti/Zr alloys with low Young’s modulus,high-entropy alloys,amorphous metallic glasses,quasicrystals,etc..The specific alloy design steps are incarnated in the β-Ti alloys with low Young’s modulus.Firstly,the necessary alloying elements ar