中文摘要：

本文选取中国、印度、美国、法国为研究对象，利用反映农业经济发展水平的数据进行比较分析，揭示农业体制和效率的关系，发现土地经营规模小是制约中国农业劳动生产率提升的瓶颈。同时，具体分析了中国农业体制的成功和局限，阐述了农业现代化趋势和改革家庭承包制的必要性。并借鉴美国和法国的经验，提出了通过推动农村土地流转、西北部农业开发和农村剩余劳动力转移，以规模经营带动中国农业转型的对策措施。

英文摘要：

The paper selects India, the United States, China and France as the objects of study, uses the data which reflect the level of agricultural economy development, and it reveals the relationship between the large countries＇ agricultural system and their efficiency, and then comes to a conclusion that the small scale of land operation is the bottleneck restricting Chinese agricultural labor productivity. And it analyzes the success and limitations of Chinese agricultural system, elaborates the trend of China＇s agricultural modernization and its necessity of reforming the household contract system. Based on the experience of the USA and France, the paper puts forward measures such as promoting the rural land circulation, proceeding China＇s western agricultural development, transferring the rural surplus labor force and using scale operation to promote Chinese agricultural transformation.