中文摘要：

本文利用地形图图件、遥感资料在MGE和ARCGIS8．3软件支持下获取了洮儿河上游地区5个时期和4个时段的土地利用数据，分析研究区近50年土地利用时空演变过程：①土地利用时间演变特征：从土地利用变化速率看，在1950年～2000年内，以森林快速减少为主要特征，其减少的速率为2663.05hm^2／年，而草地和耕地则分别以2067．62hm^2／年和1166．10hm^2，年的速度增加；②土地利用空间演变特征：从土地类型组成看，研究区土地利用结构在50年内发生很大的变化，其中林地比重变化最大，由原来的64．39％下降到1980年代的45．91％，其后略有上升，而草地则由原来的28．12％上升到1980年代的43．45％；③本文还分析了不同时期土地利用类型在土地利用演化过程中的贡献。通过上述分析看出，研究区土地利用在近50年内变化速度很快，在各种土地利用类型转化过程中以优势类型林地、草地变化最大，其它非优势类型都作适应性调整，虽然优势类型并未发生转化，但是可以看出本区内林地过度利用、草地退化和破坏严重这一事实。保护现有林地和恢复已破坏林地，禁止过度放牧和开垦草地应当引起足够重视。

英文摘要：

Based on the data derived from relief map, Landsat MSS of 1970＇s, Landsat TM of 1980＇s, 1990＇s and 2000＇s as well as land use/cover information over different periods with the help of ARCGIS8.3 software, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristic of land use/cover changes in the upper reaches of Taoerhe river watershed with various statistical methods. The results showed： 1 ） The forestland area markedly decreased during the period of 1950 - 2000 with the rate of 2 663.05 hm^2 per year,while the grassland and farmland increased obviously during the same period with the increase rate of 2 067.62 hm^2 per year and 1 166.10hm^2 per yaer respectively. In fact,the land use/cover changes showed great differences during the different periods. For example, forestland decreased rapidly and grassland increased quickly during 1950-1980, while forestland increased slowly and grassland decreases slowly during 1980 - 2000;2）The land use/cover structure changed notably. The forestland proportion has fallen to 45.91% in 1980 from 64.39% in 1950,and the grasslands proportion has risen up to 43.45% in 1980 from 28.12% in 1950. Farmland has also risen up to 9.5%in 1980 from 1.78% in 1950,and wetlands almost disappeared in 2000. The predominant land use/cover is still forestland and grassland in 2000. All these changes largely occurred in the area where the slope is under 15°. The contributions from the different land use/cover to the translated land use/cover during different periods were also analyzed. At last, the advice is offered that some measures should be taken to protect the existing forestland and renew the damaged forestland. At the same time the others should be taken to forbid herding or excessively reclaiming.