中文摘要：

随着中国工业化、城市化发展,重金属污染对环境和人体健康的影响日益引起人们广泛关注。大量调查显示中国一般地区人群重金属镉、铅暴露水平较安全,但存在局部地区摄入量偏高的情况;重金属污染区镉、铅暴露情况较严峻。由于镉、铅暴露导致的各种急、慢性疾病,严重威胁着人体健康。镉暴露可引发包括肾毒性、骨损伤、神经毒性、心血管损伤、糖尿病及癌症等多器官系统损伤;而铅导致的健康危害包括神经、免疫、血液和造血、生殖内分泌、消化系统等。镉、铅暴露标志物研究进展主要基于代谢组学等分析方法的发展,但仍缺乏较权威的新指标。

英文摘要：

With the development of industrialization and urbanization in China,the potential impact of heavy metal pollution on the environment and human health attracts attentions of the public increasingly. A large number of researches have provided evidences that the exposure to cadmium（ Cd）,lead（ Pb） in common areas is safer,but there exists high intake of heavy metal in some areas. In addition,the exposure to Cd,Pb in highly polluted area is more serious. The acute and chronic diseases caused by Cd or Pd could exert a serious threat to human health. The exposure to Cd can lead to multiple organ injuries including renal toxicity,bone damage,neurotoxicity,cardiovascular damage,diabetes,and cancer.And health hazards caused by Pd involve neurological,immune,blood,reproductive endocrinology,and digestive systems. The progress in biomarkers of exposure to Cd,Pd is mainly based on the development of analytical methods such as metabolomics,but there still lacks more authoritative newindicators.