中文摘要：

为了探讨系统误差对参数估值的影响,用理论分析方法,进行系统误差对参数估值的无偏性、有效性以及对单位权方差估值无偏性研究。研究结果表明：平差模型是否有系统误差,参数估值都是无偏的;单位权中误差估值的无偏性与系统误差没有关系;如果没有系统误差而按系统误差模型处理,则降低了参数估值的精度;如果有系统误差而按一般平差模型处理,则人为地提高了参数估值的精度。因此,在平差模型中考虑系统误差能改善平差模型质量,能真实反映参数估值的精度,平差时应考虑系统误差的影响。

英文摘要：

In order to study the influence of system error on parameter estimation through theory analysis,the parameter estimation unbiasedness,the effectiveness,and the unbiased estimate of unit weight variance are studied. The results show that：（ 1） parameter estimation is unbiased whether an adjustment model exists system error;（ 2） unit weight mean error estimation unbiasedness has no relationship with system error;（ 3） the parameter estimation precision will be reduced if the system error model is utilized under condition that systematic error does not exist;（ 4） the estimation accuracy will be artificially increased if a general adjustment model is used but there are systematic errors. Therefore,the research of system error is necessary to improve the adjustment model,and the adjustment should consider the influence of system error.