中文摘要：

目的 探讨儿童支气管哮喘治疗依从性情况及影响因素.方法回顾性分析250例支气管哮喘患儿临床资料并采用问卷调查,了解家长与患儿依从性相关资料,评价依从性和哮喘控制水平.结果 不同持续时间患儿哮喘控制水平存在显著性差异（P ＜0.05）,119例（47.60%）存在不同程度的自行停药或减量等不遵医嘱行为,担心长期应用激素安全性是主要原因.患儿的年龄、性别、哮喘严重程度及家长文化程度、居住地、疾病认知评分、自费治疗与患儿治疗依从性有关（P ＜0.05）,其中家长文化程度、疾病认知评分与儿童支气管治疗依从性呈正相关,是主要的影响因素（P ＜0.05）.结论儿童支气管哮喘依从性与哮喘控制水平有关,患儿依从性主要受到家长因素影响,加强对家长遵医行为的管理和哮喘相关知识的宣传教育是提高患儿治疗依从性的重要措施.

英文摘要：

Objective To study the children with bronchial asthma treatment compliance and influencing factors. Methods Retrospective analyzed of 250 cases of bronchial asthma clinical data and surveys of parents and children used compliance-related information, and to evaluate the level of compliance and asthma control. Results Continuing different levels of asthma control in children with durations there were significant difference （P 〈0.05）, 119 cases （47.60%） with varying degrees of self-withdrawal or reduction of such non-compliance behavior, fear were the long-term safety of hormone the main reason. Children age, sex, severity of asthma and parents education level, place of residence, disease cognitive scores, at their own expense treatment and adherence to treatment for children （P 〈0.05）, in which the parents education level, cognitive scores and children with bronchial disease treatment compliance were positively related to the main influencing factors （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion Children with asthma compliance related to the level of asthma control, mainly by parents of children adherence factors, and strengthen the management of compliance behavior of parents and asthma-related knowledge is to improve public education in children with an important measure of treatment compliance.