中文摘要：

劳动报酬偏离劳动在生产中的贡献是当前收入分配的一个突出问题。现有研究认为．企业内部权力分配的资本偏向是劳动收入份额偏低的根源。本文从企业外部不完全竞争的市场结构出发，将产品市场和劳动力市场结合起来，提供了一个理解劳动报酬偏离劳动贡献的新视角。研究发现，在中国X-业部门的绝大多数产业里，产品市场是不完全竞争的．同时．劳动力市场具有讨价还价的特征，作为雇主的企业处于支配地位。在这种联合市场结构下．产品市场的不完全竞争产生了很高的垄断租金。由于劳动者讨价还价的能力很弱．所以，大部分的垄断租金转化为企业利润，从而造成了劳动报酬对劳动贡献的偏离。这些结果表明．在一个市场不完善的环境下，企业在产品市场和劳动力市场上的市场势力扭曲了劳动报酬与劳动贡献之间的关系，从而造成了偏低的劳动收入份额。因此，推动产品市场的竞争和提高劳动者在劳动力市场上讨价还价的能力成为促进收入公正分配与共享发展的关键。

英文摘要：

The gap between real compensation and labor productivity has become a prominent issue of China＇s income distribution. The hterature documents that the capital-biased distribution of power within firms determines a low labor share of income. In contrast, starting from the imperfectly competitive market structure outside firms, this paper provides a new explanation on the compensation-productivity gap. With the joint market perspective, findings are as follows. In most Chinese industries, the product markets are imperfectly competitive, and labor markets can be characterized as bargaining where employers are dominant. In this joint market structure, the imperfect competitive product market generates monopoly rents. Because the workers＇ bargaining power is weak, most of the monopoly rent is captured by capitalists, which induces a low labor share. These findings demonstrate that the market power of firms in both product and labor markets distorts the relationship between labor compensation and contribution, and leads to the lower labor share. Therefore, the competition promotion on the joint product-input market is the key to improve the income distribution.