中文摘要：

在一个马克思一熊彼特的视角下，本文考察了市场竞争对技术进步的影响。利用中国加入WTO以后部分产业非关税壁垒取消引起市场竞争环境变化提供的自然实验．本文得到以下结果：通过促进扩展边际上更多的企业投资于R＆D和集约边际上创新型企业R＆D投入密度的上升。市场竞争推动了企业层面R＆D投入的增加；企业层面R＆D投入的增加促进了产品创新和过程创新,进而通过技术进步推动了企业实际利润的增长：基于以创新利润为基础的市场选择机制，市场竞争压缩了低技术企业的市场份额，甚至将它们逐出市场。这些结果表明，在技术变迁的过程中，市场竞争具有两面性：创造性和破坏性。通过创造性,市场竞争推动了微观层面的技术升级；通过破坏性，市场竞争推动了市场份额从低技术企业向高技术企业转移。进而通过再配置效应推动了总量层面的技术升级。因此,在中国经济增长的新常态下，以培育竞争性市场为核心的产业政策应该成为当前推动经济增长动力转换的重要政策工具。

英文摘要：

This paper investigates the effects of competition on technical progress in light of Marx and Schumpeter. Taking the changes in competitive environment as a natural experiment induced by the abolition of non-tariff barriers after China＇ access to WTO, we obtain the following results. Competition forces firms to increase R＆D investments at both extensive and intensive margin. R＆D investments produces product and process innovation, thereby leading to the growth of firm-level profits. Market selection mechanism, based on innovative profits, cuts down the market share of firms with less innovation, or drives them out of market. These results indicate that competition has two sides. On the one side, competition has an innovative side, which facilitates micro-level upgrading of technology. On the other side, competition has an destructive side, which facilitates macro-level upgrading of technology through the reallocation of production. Therefore, competition policy should be the primary policy tool for the transformation of drivers of economic growth in China which staies in new normal.