中文摘要：

已有研究大多认为加工贸易企业不存在“出口学习效应”，但这些研究均未给出可靠、明确的经验证据。本文使用中国工业一海关匹配数据和倾向分值匹配方法分别研究一般贸易企业和加工贸易企业的“出口学习效应”。研究发现，加工贸易企业具有显著的短期“出口学习效应”，并且其短期“出口学习效应”的强度甚至高于一般贸易企业，但并不存在长期“出口学习效应”：按出口强度分类后，进一步发现，加工贸易企业中，只有低出口强度企业具有显著的“出口学习效应”，高出口强度企业不仅不存在“出口学习效应”，出口对生产率还存在显著的负向影响。研究还发现，一般贸易企业，无论短期还是长期，无论低出口强度还是高出口强度，均具有显著的“出口学习效应”。

英文摘要：

Previous studies mostly considered that processing trade firms didn＇t exist＂learning-by- exporting effect＂, but these studies were not given a reliable, clear empirical evidence. This paper studies＂learning-by-exporting effect＂ of general trade firms and processing trade firms by PSM method and industrial-customs database. We find that processing trade firms have significant short- term＂learning-by-exporting effect＂, and the strength of＂learning-by-exporting effect＂ is even higher than general trade firms, but processing trade firms have not long-term＂ learning-by- exporting effect＂. According to the classification of exporting intensity, we further find, among processing trade firms, only low export intensity firms exist＂learning-by-exporting effect＂, and high export intensity firms not only do not exist＂ learning-by-exporting effect＂, but alsohave a significant negative impact of exporting on productivity. We also find, for general trade firms, whether short-term or long-term, whether low export intensity or high export intensity, there is a significant＂learning-by-exporting effect＂.