中文摘要：

NMDA（N-methyl-D-aspartate）受体是兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸受体的一种亚型,是一种异聚体配体门控型离子通道,参与体内神经发育、神经元的兴奋性突触传递、突触可塑性、中枢敏化、神经元死亡等多种不同的生理和病理过程.新近研究表明,NMDA受体的NR2B亚基对NMDA受体药理和功能特性起决定作用,是一个治疗与NMDA受体相关疾病的潜在靶点.本文就含有NR2B亚基的NMDA受体的结构、分布、功能特性、在伤害性信息传递过程中的作用以及NR2B选择性拮抗剂作为镇痛药物的研究进展进行总结,希望能更全面地了解NMDA受体的功能与作用机制.

英文摘要：

NMDA （N - methyl - D - aspartate） receptors are a subtype of excitatory transmitters - glutamate receptor which belong to a heteromeric ligand- gated ionotropic receptors and play an important role in many complex physiological and pathological processes, such as nerve development, neuronal excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, central sensitization and neuronal death. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the importance of the NR2B subunit in determining the pharmacological and functional properties of NMDA receptors and NR2B is a target in the treatment of human diseases relative to NMDA receptors. In this review, it focuses on structural, distribution, functional properties, noxious information transmission of NR2B - containing NMDA receptors and the evolution of NR2B - selective antagonists against neuropathic pain in order to make a full knowledge of the function and mechanism about NMDA receptors.