中文摘要：

肿瘤是由肿瘤细胞及其周围的基质细胞和非细胞组分构成的复合体．肿瘤微环境在肿瘤的生长与转移过程中发挥至关重要的作用，因此越来越多的研究致力于探索靶向或调控肿瘤微环境的诊断试剂和治疗药物．新兴的纳米技术为肿瘤的精确定位和早期诊断、靶向、长效和联合治疗提供了重要的研发平台，为克服传统药物非特异性靶向和非选择性损伤机体组织的瓶颈问题提供了可能．本文概述了肿瘤微环境的组成、特性及关键调控因子，总结了目前针对肿瘤微环境的抗肿瘤药物研究进展，阐述了靶向型和调控型纳米材料诊断肿瘤微环境的最新进展，同时对靶向和调控肿瘤微环境的纳米材料在肿瘤治疗方面的应用进行综述．提高纳米药物和诊断试剂的特异性及诊疗一体化，将是未来的重要发展方向之一．

英文摘要：

Tumor is an ensemble performance of tumor cells, the surrounding stromal cells and non-cellular components. Since tumor microenvironment plays fundamental roles in tumor growth and metastasis, emerging studies have been investigating diagnostic and therapeutic agents which can target or regulate the tumor stroma. Cancer nanotechnology, as an integrated platform, has the potential to accurately monitor tumor for early diagnosis and dramatically improve the targeted, long-lasting and combinational therapy. Compared with traditional therapeutics, nanomaterials can easily achieve the tumor areas. In the current review, we summarized the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, current anti-tumor stroma drugs, and the recent progress on the applications of nanotechnology in tumor microenvironment-based diagnosis and therapeutics, showing our perspectives on achieving tumor specific recognition and integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functions into multifunctional nanomaterials.