中文摘要：

超声波在金属凝固中形成的多种效应能改变金属的凝固行为,并能获得优良组织和性能的材料,其中超声波的声空化效应和声流效应对熔体和细化晶粒的影响较大。本文综述了超声波对Al、Mg、Fe、Sn、Ti等合金和非金属熔体及细化晶粒方面的影响。并对Pb合金电极材料的熔体与晶粒尺寸及分布的影响进行了研究,发现对不同合金采用不同的处理时间和处理功率方可获得最佳的工艺。还介绍了功率超声在非金属熔体及细化晶粒方面的应用前景。

英文摘要：

Many effects of ultrasound in metals solidification process can change the solidification behavior of metals, which can gain the material with excellent microstructure and performance. Influences of sound cavitation effect and acoustic streaming effect of ultrasound on the melt and the grain refinement are more obvious. Influences of ultrasound on the melt of Al, Mg, Fe, Sn and Ti alloy and nonmetal melt and grain refinement were summarized. And the influence of it on the melt of Pb alloy electrode materials and grain size and distribution was studied. It is found that different alloys should adopt different processing time and processing powers, so it can get the best technology. The power ultrasonic application prospect in nonmetal melt and grain refinement area was also introduced.