中文摘要：

目的探讨用药安全环境对我国药师用药安全实践的影响。方法采用分层抽样方法从我国26个省级行政区112家医院抽取到的1959名药师（三级医院1763名，二级医院196名）为调查对象，自行设计“患者安全和用药差错基线调查问卷”，通过填写在线问卷和纸质问卷的方式进行调查。调查问卷设用药安全知识、态度、环境和实践4个维度，并各设6、3、8、6个子维度，共102个问题。每个问题采用5分制评分，分数高代表表现好。对回收问卷运用普通最小二乘法回归模型进行数据分析。结果1959名药师的用药安全知识、态度、环境和实践得分分别为（3．45±0．23）、（3．72±0．45）、（3．35±0．50）和（3．68±0．48）分。最小二乘法回归模型分析显示用药安全知识、态度和环境对用药安全实践均有重要影响，以用药安全环境的影响最大。在设定的用药安全环境8个子维度中，组织规章制度和团队安全文化对用药安全实践的影响最为显著。在药师基本用药安全实践方面，用药安全知识的影响最为显著，而在药师高级用药安全实践方面，用药安全环境的影响最为显著。结论用药安全环境是影响我国药师用药安全实践的最重要因素。提高药师基本药品安全实践水平的最有效方法是提高药师的用药安全知识水平，而改善药师的用药安全环境则是提升药师高级药品安全实践水平的最有效方法。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the influence of drug safety environment on pharmacists＇drug safety practice. Methods The subjects of the investigation were 1959 pharmacists （ 1763 from 3A hospitals and 196 from 2A hospitals ）, who were selected from 112 hospitals of 26 provincial administrative regions in China using stratified sampling method. Baseline survey questionnaire about patient safety and medication errors was designed by the research group and the survey was performed by filling out an online questionnaire and paper questionnaires. In this questionnaire, 4 dimensions, including drug safety knowledge, attitude, environment, and practice, and 6, 3, 8, and 6 sub-dimensions corresponding to above 4 dimensions were designed. There were 102 questions altogether. Five-point scale was used for each question and higher scores represented good performance. Specified ordinary least squares regression models were used to analyze dataset from this survey. Results The scores of drug safety knowledge, attitude, environment, and practice in 1959 pharmacists were （3.45 ± 0.23 ）, （3.72 ± 0.45 ）, （ 3.35 ± 0.50 ）, and （ 3.68 ± 0.48 ）, respectively. The results showed that drug safety knowledge, attitude, and environment had significant positive influences on drug safety practice and among them the influence of drug safety environment was the largest. Among the 8 sub-dimensions of drug safety environment, hospital regulation and drug safety culture of work team had the largest influence on pharmacist＇s drug safety practice. The pharmacist＇s drug safety knowledge had the largest influence on basic drug safety practice, while drug safety environment had the largest influence on pharmacists＇ advanced drug safety practice. Conclusions The drug safety environment is the most important factor to influence pharmacists＇ drug safety practice in China. The most effective way to increase the levels of pharmacists＇drug safety practice is to improve pharmacists＇drug safety knowledge levels and improvement of