中文摘要：

种类繁多的生物界经过45亿年长期的进化其结构与功能已达到近乎完美的程度，实现了结构与功能的统一，局部与整体的协调和统一。仿生设计原理为创造新型结构及功能材料提供了新的方法和途径，向自然学习是新材料发展的重要源泉。近年来，仿生结构及其功能材料受到越来越多的关注，本文结合作者课题组的相关工作，就光子晶体材料、仿生空心结构材料、仿生离子通道、仿蜘蛛丝超韧纤维、仿生特殊浸润性表面、仿生高强超韧层状复合材料、仿生高黏附材料及其他仿生材料的研究现状进行简要的综述，并概要展望了其发展趋势。

英文摘要：

After four and a half billion years＇ evolution and natural selection, creatures in Nature possess almost perfect structures and properties, exhibit harmonization and unification between structure and function, partial and whole. Biomimetic principles provide new method and approach for the construction of novel structural and functional materials. Learning from Nature will give us important inspiration to develop new methods to construct artificial advanced materials. Recently, much attention has been paid to biomimetic structural and functional materials. In combination with our research work, in this paper, we review the research status of typical biomimetic materials, such as photonic crystals, hollow structured materials, ion channels, fiber materials with enhanced strength and toughness, the surfaces with special wettabilities, ultra-strong and super-tough layered materials, high adhesive force materials, and other biomimetic materials. The research prospects and directions are also briefly addressed.