中文摘要：

慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是肝细胞癌（HCC）发生的主要原因。在HBV感染至HCC发生过程中存在肝细胞和HBV共同进化的现象，肝细胞进化具体体现为去分化和逆向进化，而HBV进化具体体现为“末路进化”。由于HBV进化的发生早于HCC发生，因此，两者的相互作用主要体现在HBV突变对HCC进化的促进作用。现拟对癌症进化发育学这一新兴学说进行简要概述，并从进化角度阐述HBV致癌的分子机制。

英文摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is a major cause ofhepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. In the process from chronic HBV infection to the development of HCC, there is a phenomenon of co-evolution of hepatocytes and HBV. The evolution of hepatocytes includes dedifferentiafion and reverse evolution, while the evolution of HBV is mainly ＂telemorphosis＂. Since HBV evolution occurs earlier than the development of HCC, the interaction between them is mainly reflected in the promotion of HCC evolution by HBV mutation. This article briefly summarizes the novel theory termed as cancer evolution and development and elucidates the molecular mechanism of HCC caused by HBV from the perspective of evolution.