中文摘要：

microRNA是一类长18～24核苷酸的短序列非编码RNA,通过抑制目的mRNA的翻译或降解,负性调控转录后基因表达。microRNA参与调控细胞增殖、死亡、神经分化、免疫调控和疾病发生等生物学过程,影响着动物的生长、发育及抗病能力。针对microRNA的特点、调控机制、分析方法及在动物肌肉和脂肪组织中的最新研究进行了综述,为利用microRNA技术对动物肌肉与脂肪相关疾病的诊断、治疗提供新的思路。

英文摘要：

MicroRNA are short 18 to 24 nt non-coding RNAs, which negatively regulate post-transcriptionally gene expres- sion. MicroRNA affect the animal growth, development and disease-resistant involving in kinds of biological process including cell proliferation, death, neuron differentiation, immune regulation and disease ontogeny and so on. Therefore, this article fo- cuses on the characteristics, mechanism and analysis methods of microRNAs and the expression in muscle and adipose tissue. This review can supply new ways to cure the disease in muscle and adipose tissue.