中文摘要：

TAO又称Graves眼病，是Graves病最常见的甲状腺外表现，临床主要表现为眼睑肿胀、眼睑退缩、眼球突出、眼球运动障碍等，严重者可致视神经病变。TAO的发病机制尚未明确，大量研究发现自身免疫功能异常在TAO的发病过程中发挥重要作用，遗传、氧化应激、吸烟等因素也参与了TAO的发生过程。本文将从免疫功能异常、遗传易感性、氧化应激及吸烟4个方面，总结和阐述TAO发生的可能机制，以期为临床相关研究提供参考。

英文摘要：

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy （TAO） is a common complication of Graves＇ disease （GD）. The chnical manifestations are mainly swelling and retracted eyelid, protopsis and limited eye movements, and optic neuropathy can be seen in severe cases. The mechanism of TAO is not yet clear. A large number of studies have found that the disorders of autoimmunity play an important role in TAO, while genetic factors, oxidative stress, and environmental factors such as smoking participate in it. Therefore, we consult a large number of studies and expound the pathogenesis from the aspects of genetic susceptibility, immune mechanism, oxidative stress, and the effects of smoking to provide refelTences for clinical associated studies.