中文摘要：

系统收集了青海湖流域湖水、河水、地下水、雨水,分析了各端元水体主量离子组成。结果表明：青海湖流域水样化学组成均落在Gibbs提出的Boomerang Envelope模型中上翼,暗示研究区水样化学组成受到岩石风化以及蒸发/结晶作用影响。雨水总溶解固体含量（TDS）高于世界雨水平均值,其阳离子和阴离子分别以Ca^2＋和HCO3^-为主;落于Gibbs模型左端,即有很低的Na＋/（Na^＋＋Ca^2＋）、Cl^-/（Cl^-＋HCO3^-）比值,暗示大气中CaCO3颗粒的溶解可能是影响研究区雨水化学组成的重要因素。河水丰水期TDS明显高于枯水期TDS。枯水期河水的阳离子分布在（Na＋^＋＋K^＋）-Ca^2＋线上靠近Ca^2＋端元,阴离子分布在HCO3^--Cl^-线上靠近HCO3^-一端。与枯水期相比,丰水期河水的阳离子和阴离子分别向Ca^2＋端元和HCO3^-端元靠拢。河水的（Ca^2＋＋Mg^2＋）/TZ^＋,（Ca^2＋＋Mg^2＋）/（Na^＋K^＋）,HCO3^-/Na^＋以及Cl^-/Na^＋对比分析表明,青海湖流域枯水期风化作用弱于丰水期,河水化学组成主要受碳酸盐岩溶解控制。

英文摘要：

We collected lake water, river water, ground water, and rainfall water samples from the Lake Qinghai catchment and measured the major ions. All of the waters fall within the mid-upper Gibbs boomerang envelope, suggesting that the chemical compositions of the waters around Lake Qinghai are controlled by rock weathering, evaporation, and crystallization. The major cation and anion of rain water are Ca^2＋ and HCO3^- , respectively, and the total dissolved solid （TDS） is higher than the global average. The rain water is located in the left-mid Gibbs bogmerang envelope, with very low Na^-/（Na^-＋Ca^2＋ ） and Cl^-/（Cl^- ＋HCO3^-） ratios, suggesting that the dissolution of carbonate particles in dust has strong impact on the chemical composition of the rain water. TDS of the river water during wet seasons is much higher than that during dry seasons. Cations of the river water are close to the （Na^＋ ＋ K^＋ ）-Ca^2＋ line during dry seasons, while anions are close to the HCO3^- -Cl^- line. Cations and anions are much closer to the Ca^2＋ end member and HCO3^- end member during wet seasons as compared with those during dry seasons. Comparisons between （Ca^2＋ ＋ Mg^2＋ ）/TZ^＋ , （Ca^2＋ -＋-Mg^2＋ ）/（Na^＋ ＋ K^＋ ）, HCO2^-/Na^＋, and Cl^-/Na^＋ suggested that the chemical composition of river waters is controlled mainly by carbonate weathering and that the carbonate weathering is much stronger during wet seasons than during dry seasons.