中文摘要：

H5N1禽流感病毒在禽类中广泛流行，对家禽养殖业造成严重经济损失。1997年香港地区首次出现人感染H5N1禽流感病例，2003年之后多个国家相继出现H5N1禽流感病毒感染人事件，目前已有16个国家650人感染发病，患者死亡率高达60％以上。随着H5N1禽流感病毒的持续流行与进化，该病毒仍然对公共卫生具有严重威胁。综述了H5N1禽流感病毒的进化特点、流行情况以及致病性。

英文摘要：

Highly pathogenic influenza A （H5N1） virus causes a widespread poultry deaths worldwide. The first human H5N1 infected case was reported in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China in 1997. Since then, the virus re-emerged in 2003 and continues to infect people worldwide. Currently, over 650 human infections have been reported in more than 16 countries and mortality rate is greater than 60%. These viruses continue pose a potential pandemic threat in the future because of the continuing global spread and evolution. This review focuses on the evolution of H5N1 virus, the epidemiological of H5N1 virus in poultry, clinical and virological characteristics of human H5N1 case.