在中国城市增长和空间重构的过程中,"居住—就业"空间关系逐渐由"职住合一"向"职住分离"演变。基于城市空间结构及区位选择的经典理论和最近的理论创新,结合中国城市的制度环境特点,建立了对通勤时间影响因素进行分析的理论框架,并利用北京市的两套就业者微观样本实证研究了各种制度因素和市场因素(分为就业机会、公共服务设施和住房机会三大类)对通勤时间和通勤流量的影响机理。研究发现:相关理论能够较好地解释北京市的"居住—就业"空间关系。工作机会、住房机会和城市公共服务设施的空间布局是影响"居住—就业"空间关系和通勤时间的三个重要因素。同时中国城市中特有的历史路径依赖性和制度转型特点,增加了"居住—就业"空间关系的复杂性。论文认为,应致力于减少对劳动力自由选址的制度性约束,在促进产业用地充分集聚的同时,调整公共服务设施的空间布局,改变其过度集中于城市中心的现状,同时在交通便捷的区位提供符合当地劳动力住房需求的住房供给。
The spatial relationship of jobs and housing is evolving over time in Chinese dries. Based on the theories of urban spatial structure and residential location choice, this paper sets up a framework to investigate the institutional and market determinants of commuting time. Employing two micro data sets, this paper estimates two empirical equations--commuting time equation and commuting flow equation. The results show that the spatial distributions of job opportunities, housing opportunities and amenities are main determinants of commuting time and flows. The institutional barriers bring in more complexity to this spatial relationship.