中文摘要：

microRNA（miRNA）是一类长约19～25nt的单链小分子RNA，是非编码RNA家族的重要成员之一。越来越多的证据显示miRNA与精子生成过程关系密切。通过分析不同动物物种间睾丸组织中miRNA的变化，显示其在参与精子形成过程中相关蛋白的合成、腔隙的形成，间接调控精子运动以及维持精子成熟、支持细胞成熟中存在作用；同时随着测序及芯片技术的发展，对正常男性、输精管切除者及不同病理类型非阻塞性无精子症患者的精液或睾丸组织进行相关miRNA检测，发现越来越多与人类生精过程有关的miRNA。

英文摘要：

MicroRNA （miRNA） is a class of single-stranded RNA consisting of 20-24 nucleotides, and is one of the important members of non-coding RNAs. More and more evidence suggests that miRNA is closely associated with spermgenesis. In recent years, by analyzing miRNA changes in different animal species, the role of miRNAs that participant in protein synthesis process of spermatogenesis, formation of lacuna, indirect regulation of sperm motility, maintaining spermtid and Sertoli cells maturation was found. With the development of sequencing and microarray technology to detect more and more spermatogenesis related miRNAs, thus the sperm or testicular tissue of normal men, successfully vasectomized men and different pathological types of non-obstructive azoospermia patients were also been detected.