中文摘要：

随着现代生活品质的不断提升,疾病早期诊断的重要性日益凸显,因此越来越多研究工作致力于发展新的疾病诊断技术。＂精准医学＂的提出,为新技术的发展提出了更高的要求,也代表着人们更高的期盼。在＂精准＂的道路上,化学生物学,小分子作为探针,用于生命体系内重要生物靶标的检测与功能调控,已成为生物与医药领域发展的新的趋势与方向。与此同时,核酸作为遗传物质,其结构、功能、化学修饰等,皆与基因表达、蛋白质的合成、细胞信号转导等重要生命过程密切相关。因此,核酸相关的生物靶标具有重大研究价值,对于重大疾病的机制研究,创新药物的开发,疾病诊断等有重要意义。这里,我们将对适配子技术和一些核酸相关重要靶标,如核酸表观遗传修饰、循环mi RNA等的化学法检测这几个方向的新进展,进行讨论和总结,为后续研究工作提供参考。

英文摘要：

Early diagnosis has become more and more important with the elevation of peoples＇ life, so developing novel technologies and strategies for early diagnosis is urgent and has become the focus in the field of biology and medicine. Especially after the introduction of the concept of ＂Precision Medicine＂, people placed high hopes on the development of more advanced diagnostic technologies. For purpose of this, the chemical biology, probing and regulating living systems with small molecules, has proved to be a potential aspect. Meanwhile, nucleic acids are most important biomacromolecules in vivo, which play key roles in multiple living processes. Thus, studies aimed at nucleic acid associated target are meaningful. Herein, we discuss and summarize the latest progress in technologies for early diagnosis based on nucleic acids, including the technology of SELEX （systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment） detection of epigenetic modifications on nucleic acids and detection of circulating miRNAs.