中文摘要：

大豆种质蛋白质11S和7S及其亚基组相对含量的遗传变异是专用型品种选育的基础。以全国各生态区的野生豆138份和地方品种409份,国内育成品种148份、国外育成品种83份,合计778份大豆种质为材料,采用SDS-PAGE电泳技术测定蛋白质11S和7S组分及其亚基组相对含量,研究其遗传变异。在南京同一条件下的结果表明：全国野生豆、地方品种和育成品种11S相对含量平均分别为54.7%、64.8%和71.7%,变幅28.8%～82.6%、38.8%～79.4%和48.2%～88.9%;7S相对含量平均分别为44.7%、34.9%和27.9%,变幅20.6%～71.2%、20.6%～61.1%和15.7%～47.8%;11S/7S比值平均分别为1.4、2.0和2.7,变幅0.4～3.9、0.6～3.9和0.9～4.0。野生豆驯化为栽培豆并经选育后11S相对含量和11S/7S比值上升,7S相对含量下降,变幅均减小;亚基组11S-2和11S-3相对含量增加;7S的6个亚基组,尤其7S-1和7S-6,相对含量下降。11S、7S、11S/7S以及各亚基组在各群体各生态区内均有较大变异,但与来源地纬度、蛋白质和油脂含量均无显著相关。从中优选到11S/7S比值大于3.7、11S相对含量为78.9%～88.9%的8份种质,发现有11S的4个亚基组相对含量分别大于37%、7S的6个亚基组相对含量分别大于24%、以及11S-1和7S的6个亚基组缺失的种质,这些特异种质可供蛋白质组分育种利用。

英文摘要：

In breeding for cuhivars with specific protein quality,it should be the basic step to hold the genetic variability of relative content of 11S,7S protein and their subunit groups in soybean germplasm. In the present study, total 778 accessions,including 138 wild entries（ Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. ） ,409 cultivated landraces（ Glycine nax（ L. ）Merr. ）and 148 released domestic cultivars sampled from various ecoregions as a representative in China, along with 83 released foreign cuhivars,were tested for their 11S,7S protein and their subunit group relative contents by using SDS-PAGE analysis. The obtained data were analyzed with the software of SAS 9.0 and SPSS 13. 0. The results obtaind under environment conditions in Nanjing are as follows：The mean relative content of 11S in wild accessions, landraces and released cultivars was 54.7% , 64.8% and 71.7% with a range of 28.8% -82.6% ,38.8% -79.4% and 48.8% -88.9% ,respectively. That of 7S was 44. 7% ,34.9% and 27.9% with a range of 20.6% -71.2% ,20.6% -61.1% and 15.7% -47.8% ,respectively. That of 1 1S/ 7S ratio was 1.4,2.0 and 2.7 with a range of 0.4-3.9,0.6-3.9 and 0.9-4.0 ,respectively. Due to domestication and artificial breeding,the 11S relative content and 11S/7S ratio increased and the 7S relative content decreased gradually with their ranges all decreased, while the relative contents of subunit group 11 S- 2 and 11 S- 3 increased and those of the six 7 S subunit groups, especially 7S-1 and 7S-6 decreased. There existed abundant variation in 11S and 7S relative content, 11 S/7S ratio and their subunit groups in the three germplasm types in each eco-region, but no significant correlation with geographic latitude of accession＇ s source site,as well as with protein and fat content was found. Eight elite accessions were screened out from the 778 accessions to be with 11 S/7S ratio more than 3.7 and 11S relative content 78.9% - 88.9%. In addition, there found also the accessions with 11S subunit group relative content more than 24% and the accession