中文摘要：

城市地理系统可以采用一组标度定律刻画其空间复杂性特征。标度律既可以表示为一组幂律形式，通常也可以等价地分解为一组指数模型。指数律与幂律的逻辑转化揭示了简单性与复杂性的内在数理关系。从指数律出发，将城市系统空间复杂性分为内部复杂性和外部复杂性；从幂律出发，引导出城市化过程Stommel图的表示方法，据此反映城市地理系统演化的时空结构特征。

英文摘要：

Geographical systems of cities can be represented by a set of exponential laws, or equivalently, a series of power laws. The exponential laws consist of number law, size law, and area Law. Both the exponential laws and the power laws compose the scaling laws of urban hierarchies and networks. The expor,ential laws indicate the spatial complexity of urban systems because that the exponentials can yield three mathematical marks of stir--organized criticality （SOC）, including the frequeney--spectrmn relationships indicative of 1/fneise, the negative power law distributions indicative of fractal structure, and Zipf＇ s law indicative of rank-size nile. Based on the exponential laws, spatial complexity is divided into two types： external complexity and internal complexity. The former can be represented by the number law, while the latter can be represented with the size law and the area law. Starting from the exponential laws and power laws, a formula is derived for drawing the Stommel diagram showing urbanization process of different spatial and temporal extent. Stommel diagram is based directly on the internal complexity, but it has some information of external complexity of urban systems.