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太湖地区氮磷肥施用对稻田氨挥发的影响

ISSN号：0564-3929
期刊名称：《土壤学报》
时间：0
分类：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学;农业科学—农业基础科学] S143.2[农业科学—肥料学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008, [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（40571077,30390080）和中国科学院知识创新工程项目（KZCX-413）资助

关键词：稻田, 尿素, 磷肥, 氨挥发, Paddy fields , Urea, Phosphorus fertilizer, Ammonia volatilization

中文摘要：

在太湖地区乌栅土上，采用田间小区试验连续两年研究了施氮（N）量为0、180、255、330kghm^-2，施磷（P205）量为0、30、90、180kghm^-2的6个组合（对照NOP0、低氮N180P90、优化N255P90、低磷N255P30、高磷N255P180、高氮N330P90）以及三个施肥时期对稻田氨挥发损失的影响，氨挥发采用密闭室间歇通气法测定。结果表明，稻田氨挥发损失主要发生在施肥后6d内，基肥和第一次追肥后各处理氨挥发量占施氮量的0．4％～11．5％，而第二次追肥后氨挥发损失比例较大，对照、低氮、优化、低磷、高磷和高氮处理的氨挥发在2002年稻季分别占施氮量的5．8％、9．7％、25．6％、15．6％和11．6％，在2003年稻季则分别为27．4％、26．2％、30．0％、35．1％和27．6％。若施肥后遇阴雨天气或正值水稻拔节孕穗期，氨挥发量便降低。田面水中的NH4^＋-N浓度是氨挥发的决定因素之一，与氨挥发通量呈正相关。施磷量相同时，氨挥发随施氮量增加而增加；施氮量相同时，高磷和低磷处理氨挥发均高于优化处理，表明在氮磷不平衡施用时，氮肥氨挥发损失会加剧，从氨挥发损失方面考虑，稻田推荐施磷量不宜超过P2O590kghm^-2。

英文摘要：

A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate ammonia volatilization from Gleyed paddy soll in the Taihu Lake region. The experiment was designed to have four N levels （0,180,255,330 kg hm^- 2） and four P2O5 levels （0,30, 90,180 kg hm^- 2）, forming six NP combinations （CK-NoP0, LN-N1890P90, OPT-N255P90, LP-N255P30, HP-N255P180 and HN-N330P90） . Ammonia volatilization was measured with the enclosure method. Resuhs show that ammonia emission occurred within the first 6 days after fertilizer application, and it was less after the basal dressing and the first top-dressing than after the second top-dressing.N loss through ammonia emission accounted for 0.4% - 12% of the total nitrogen applied for the basal and the first top dressings. However for the second top-dressing the percentage was 5.8 %, 9.7 %, 25.6 %, 15.6 %, 11.6 % during the 2002 rice season, and 27.4 %, 26.2 %, 30.0 %, 35.1%, 27.6 % during the 2003 rice season for Treatments LN, OPT, LP, HP and HN, respectively. Ammonia loss was low when fertilization was followed by rainy days or was done right at the elongating or booting stage of the rice crop. Positive correlation was observed between NH3 loss and NH4^＋ -N concentration in the surface water in all the three fertilization periods. When the rate of phosphorus fertilizer remained the same, NH3 loss increased with N fertilizer rates, whereas when at the rate of N fertilizer stayed unchanged, NH3 loss was higher in treatments higher and lower in P rate treatments than in treatments optimum in P rate, suggesting that ammonia loss would be greater when NP combination is unbalanced. P2O5 is recommended to be no more than 90 kg hm^- 2for rice.

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