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中文摘要：
以大田筛选得到的不同生物学特性的12个水稻品种为材料，研究了水培条件下这些品种苗期的吸N效率差异，结果表明大田N效率不同的品种在苗期水培条件下吸N效率也不相同，并且大田相同类型的品种在苗期N效率也不完全相同。供试7个大田高产品种中只有桂单4号、云粳38和黔育421这3个水稻品种在水培环境中同样保持较其它品种生物量大，N响应高的特性；另外3个大田高产品种南光、予粳7号和4007在苗期N效率表现很差；红稻Vmax虽然很大，但是生物量很小，所以综合表现一般。3个低产品种Elio、抚宁小红芒和黄金糯中，Elio在苗期N效率很高，另外2个品种N效率不高。研究发现，生物量（尤其是根系的生物量）和对NH4^＋的亲和力（1／Km）以及Vmax是水稻苗期吸N效率的主要决定因素。典型的苗期N高效品种有桂单4号、黔育421、Elio和云粳38，这些品种苗期N累积量高，N响应值高，原因在于桂单4号、黔育421和Elio在水平增加后Vmax都成倍增加，尤其Elio的Vmax一直都很高，而云粳38则主要是靠较高的生物量来获得高吸N量。典型的低效品种有南光、4007、武运粳7号和予粳7号，这些品种N累积量小，N响应值小，原因在于其中前3个品种在N水平增加后Vmax都降低，Km大幅度增加，而予粳7号虽然Vmax稍有增加，但亲和力则降低最大而成为所有品种中最低的，所以综合结果仍是低效。
英文摘要：
Characteristics of nitrogen absorption and response to nitrogen dosage of rice seedlings of 12 rice cultivars selected out through previous field experiments were studied hydroponically. Results showed that the differences in nitrogen use efficiency between the 12 cultivars existed not only in field conditions but also in hydroponical conditions, and even cultivars of the same genotype performed differently at the seedling stage in hydroponical conditions. N-efficient cultivars, GD4, YJ38 and QY421, still performed well at the seedling stage, but N-efficient cultivars NG, Y J7, 4007 and HD did poorly; Among the three N-inefficient cultivars, Elio, FNXHM and HJN, Elio was outstanding in performance. Cultivars of GD, QY421, Elio and YJ38 were identified as N-efficient ones while NG, 4007 and WYJ7 as N-inefficient groups. The typical N-efficient cultivars of GD, QY421, Elio and YJ38 showed characters of higher biomass, higher nitrogen absorption and higher response to nitrogen dosage, and among them, GD, QY421 and Elio could make a rapid increase in Vmax from 0.5 mmol/L NH4^＋-N to 1.0 mmol/L NH4^＋-N and the higher biomass of YJ38 was crucial to its nitrogen uptake; The typical N-inefficient cultivars of NG, 4007, WYJ7 and YJ7 were characterized as lower biomass, lower nitrogen absorption and lower response to nitrogen dosage, and among them, the Vmax of NG, 4007 and WYJ7 decreased drastically and the Km increased smartly from 0.5 mmol/L NH4^＋-N to 1.0 mmol/L NH4^＋-N. Therefore, biomass, especially roots weight, affinity to NH4^＋ and Vmax are the three important factors for nitrogen efficiency of rice seedlings.
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