中文摘要：

昆虫经过长期的演化，在其生命活动和行为中，有着明显的昼夜和季节的节律性周期变化，通常将这种节律性活动现象称为生物钟。蟑螂是变温动物，体温会随外界环境的变化而变化，生物钟周期是“温度补偿”的。果蝇昼夜生物钟节律是一种“转录-翻译-抑转录”机制构成的反馈环，主钟由位于脑部的两簇神经元组成，其中已确认的主要钟基因有per、tim、clk、cye、dbt、vri和cry等。家蚕的滞育是一种世代节律现象，但与近日节律密切相关，且无法单纯用近日节律调控方式来解释。家蚕滞育卵内的酯酶A4（EA4）是一种时间间隔测定酶，能够感知低温和盐酸等刺激信息，EA4的测时功能与其自身的结构有关，受蚕卵内的多肽抑制因子（PIN）的调控。聚类分析结果表明，家蚕EA4虽然在SOD蛋白家族，但EA4与其他物种Cu／Zn—SOD进化距离较远。生物钟的进化关系研究表明，生物钟的关键分子构成在果蝇等昆虫和哺乳动物之间是高度保守的。

英文摘要：

Through long time evolution, insectshave obvious circadian and seasonal rhythms changing periodically in its life, usually we call this bio-clock. Cockroach is a poikilothermic animal, its temperature will change along with the environmental temperature, so cockroach bio-clock cyclemust be a ＂temperature compensation＂ mode. The mechanism of drosophila circadian bio-clock rhythm is a ＂transcription-translation- inhibitory transcription＂ feedback loop. Drosophila＇s core clock is composed of two cluster nerve fibers located in the brain, some core clock geneshave been identified such as per,tim,clk ,cyc,dbt,vri ,cry and so on. Silkworm diapause is aheterogamous rhythm. Though it is closely related to circadian rhythm, it can＇t be explainedmerely with the regulationmode of circadian rhythm. Esterase A4 （EA4） in silkworm diapause eggs can apperceive low temperature andhydrochloric acid as well as other stimulus is a time interval measuring enzyme. The time measuring function of EA4 depends on its own configuration and regulated by peptide inhibitory needle （PIN） in silkworm eggs. Clustering analysis showed that although EA4 was in the SOD protein family, the evolving distance between EA4 and Cu/Zn-SOD of other organisms was far. Evolution relationship study showed that key molecules of bio-clock in drosophila as well as insects and mammals arehighly conservative.