中文摘要：

基础和临床研究已证实，抑郁症的发生与前额皮质和海马等脑区的神经可塑性功能异常有关，脑源性神经营养因子及其所介导的信号通路在神经可塑性调节以及抑郁症的发生中起重要作用。氯胺酮或东莨菪碱抗抑郁作用快速起效，长时程维持；它们通过快速激活脑源性神经营养因子相关信号通路，调节神经元可塑性，从而逆转抑郁样症状。本文就快速起效抗抑郁药的神经可塑性机制研究进行系统的综述，为今后新型抗抑郁药研发提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

Basic and clinical studies demonstrate that depression is associated with abnormal neural plasticity in some brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Brain-derived neurotro- phic factor （BDNF） and its signaling pathways play a crucial role in regulating neural plasticity and devel- opment of depression. Ketamine or scopolamine can produce a quick and sustained antidepressant effect, and both can quictly activate BDNF-signaling pathways related to neural plasticity. In order to pro- vide the theoretical basis for future researches on new antidepressants, the neural plasticity mechanisms of faster-onset antidepressants are reviewed in this paper.