中文摘要：

卵母细胞和早期胚胎的体外培养（IVC）是哺乳动物胚胎工程的一项关键技术,是生殖生物学和转基因与克隆技术等生物技术研究的基础。影响卵母细胞和早期胚胎体外培养的因素包括培养液组成成分、离子浓度和渗透压,培养环境气相组成和温度等。最近研究表明,培养系统中的氧分压可以显著影响胚胎的发育,而这种影响主要由低氧诱导因子（hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF）进行调控。作者综述了氧分压及HIF对卵母细胞和早期胚胎体外发育的影响,并对HIF的结构及调控机制进行讨论,为研究低氧培养技术在卵母细胞和早期胚胎体外培养中的应用提供依据。

英文摘要：

Oocytes and early embryo in vitro culture （IVC） was a key technology of mammalian embryo engineering and was the basis of biotechnology such as genetically modified （GM） and cloning research. The factors,which affect the efficiency of in vitro culture for oocytes and early embryo, include the composition, ion concentration and osmotic pressure of the culture medium, and the gas composition and temperature of the culture environment. Recent studies have shown that the oxygen tension in the culture systems can significantly affect the development of embry- os,and this effect is mainly regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factor （HIF）. This paper reviewed the effects of the oxygen tension on oocyte maturation and early embryo development, and the structure and regulation mechanism of HIF were discussed,in order to provide a theoretical basis for further explore the application of hypoxia method in the in vitro culture of oocytes and early embryo.