中文摘要：

离子液体是一类熔点低于100℃的有机熔融盐,通常由不对称的有机阳离子和阴离子组成,其性质可以通过改变阴阳离子组成灵活调节,被称为"设计者的溶剂"。由于其特殊的物理化学性质,离子液体在有机化学和分析化学等领域得到广泛应用,本文主要从离子液体类型、结构和性能等角度综述其在萃取前处理、色谱、毛细管电泳及电分析、光谱等领域中的研究进展,从应用机理角度对比不同离子液体在各领域应用中的优缺点,这对离子液体目前的应用状况及今后发展有较好的指导意义。通过对其发展前景的展望,表明离子液体在色谱分析和毛细管电泳等领域呈现出巨大的发展潜力。此外,设计研发新型离子液体和深入探讨其萃取分离机理,将有力推动其在分析科学领域中的研究发展,离子液体在复杂样品分析和痕量检测方面也将具有广阔的应用前景。

英文摘要：

ABSTRACT:Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of organic molten salt with melting point below 100 °C. They are usually composed of asymmetrical organic cations and anions. Their properties can be readily tuned by changing the composition of cation or anion, so they are also called “designer solvents”. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, they were widely used in organic chemistry and analytic chemistry. In this paper, the recent research and application of ILs in the field of extraction pretreatment, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, electroanalysis and spectrophotometry were reviewed from the type, structure and properties of ILs. The advantages and disadvantages of different ionic liquids in various fields were compared from the perspective of applications mechanism, which can be instructive for the application and development of ionic liquids in future. The prospects of ionic liquids were also discussed and forecasted. The results suggested that ionic liquids showed more potential in the fields of chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Moreover, designing and developing new types of ionic liquids and exploring the mechanism of the extraction and separation will promote the development of ionic liquids in the field of analytic sciences. Ionic liquids will be widely used in complex sample analysis and trace detection in the near future.