中文摘要：

本文综述了离子液体在气相色谱固定相中的发展过程。为提高固定相的使用温度、选择性和色谱柱效，离子液体先后经历多次制备方法的改善，本文主要介绍了小分子离子液体、大体积离子液体、柱内烯基咪唑聚合离子液体、物理混配离子液体和化学键合离子液体等非手性离子液体的合成进展；同时综述了由手性氨基酸、手性胺和键合环糊精合成的手性离子液体的研究进展；并比较各种离子液体用作色谱固定相时的稳定性及选择性差异。另外，对离子液体在二维气相色谱和快速气相色谱中的应用扩展作了总结，并展望离子液体作为新型分离材料在气相色谱固定相中的研究和应用前景。

英文摘要：

In this paper, the development of ionic liquids as stationary phases for gas chromatography is briefly described. In order to improve the thermal stability, selectivity and column efficiency of ionic liquid stationary phases, the synthesis methods of ionic liquid stationary phases with achiral selectivity are developed successively, including small molecule ionic liquids, bulky ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids, physical mixed ionic liquids and chemically bonded ionic liquids. Meanwhile, ionic liquids are applied in chiral gas chromatography, employed as the solvent of chiral selectors or as chiral stationary phases of gas chromatography. Chiral pools of these ionic liquids are mostly from amino acids, chiral amines and bonded cyclodextrins. The differences in selectivity of these ionic liquid stationary phases are also discussed and reviewed. Then, the application of ionic liquids in two-dimensional gas chromatography and fast gas chromatography are introduced. Finally, the synthesis and application of ionic liquids in gas chromatography are summarized. The prospects of ionic liquid as novel separation materials are also discussed and forecasted.