中文摘要：

纳米材料缺少特异的检测和分析手段，因此，放射性核素标记和示踪技术在研究纳米颗粒与生命体相互作用中发挥着重要作用。本文综合介绍了放射性示踪技术在碳纳米颗粒（富勒烯、碳纳米管和纳米碳黑）与整体动物和哺乳动物细胞相互作用研究中的应用概况，列举了实验得到的关于吸收、分布、代谢和排泄资料，以及这些资料对于碳纳米材料在药物研制和纳米材料的生物安全性研究中的作用和意义。最后，根据碳纳米颗粒的奇异特性，分析了放射性核素示踪技术相对于荧光标记技术的优越性，指出核素标记和示踪技术在纳米科技与生命科学交叉领域研究中的应用前景。

英文摘要：

There are few effective means to detect and analyze nanomaterials, therefore, radionuclide labeling and tracing techniques play an important role in the studies of interaction between nanoparticles and living systems. This paper briefly summarizes the main results from the application of radionuclide tracer techniques in the studies of interaction between carbon nanoparticles （fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and nano-carbon blacks） and animals and mammalian cells, cites the experimental information on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of nanomaterials, and indicates the signification of these information in the drug development and bio-safety studies of nanomaterials. Based on the novel properties of carbon nanoparticles, the superiority of radionuelide tracer techniques over fluorescent labeling techniques is stressed. It is expected that the radionuclide tracer techniques have an increasing application prospect in the interdisciplinary fields of nanoscience and life science.