中文摘要：

脉冲神经膜计算系统是膜计算的一个新分支，不仅具有计算机科学研究意义，而且在生物建模和仿真方面有潜在的应用价值．文中介绍了脉冲神经膜计算系统的基本概念并给出了脉冲神经膜计算系统的一个例子；除了介绍标准脉冲神经膜计算系统外，还介绍若干广义的脉冲神经膜计算系统；概述了脉冲神经膜计算系统计算完备性和计算有效性两个方面的主要结果；指出了进一步研究脉冲神经膜计算系统的两个方向．

英文摘要：

Spiking neural P systems are a new computing model inspired from the biological phenomena that in the brain the neurons cooperate to deal with spikes by axons. Since it has been shown that they have powerful computational capability and potential capability in solving computationally hard problems, more and more people begin to get interested in this field. This paper firstly introduces the formal definition of standard spiking neural P systems and some notions which are often used in this area; then, several extensions of the original spiking neural P systems are summarized, that are： Extented SN P system; SN P system with exhaustive use of rules; Asynchronous SN P system; Sequential SN P system. Also, the results on the topic of spiking neural P systems are briefly recalled in two aspects： computational completeness and computational efficiency. In the end, two more important future research directions on spiking neural P systems are pointed out. Specifically, one interesting topic is to develop a new computing model which is more ＂realistic＂; another topic is to consider how to use these models in biological modeling and simulation.