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中文摘要：
作为自然计算的新分支，膜计算是当前计算机科学、数学、生物学和人工智能等多学科交叉的研究热点．概述膜计算的最新动态，以一个简单膜系统为例介绍膜计算的基本概念和基本原理，从细胞型、组织型和神经型三类膜系统以及它们的计算能力和计算效率方面介绍膜计算理论研究进展，通过概括膜计算国内外应用研究成果讨论其应用前景和方向，并从软硬件发展历程分析膜系统软硬实现研究现状．最后给出有关膜计算研究的重要网络资源、热点研究领域和重点关注的问题．
英文摘要：
As a new branch of natural computing, membrane computing is a hot cross-discipline topic, which involves computer science, mathematics, biology and artificial intelligence, etc.. This paper outlines the recent development of membrane computing. A simple membrane system is taken for an example to introduce basic concepts and fundamental principles of this area. The theoretical development is surveyed from cell-like, tissue-like, neural-like P systems and their computational power and efficiency. The prospect and directions are discussed by summarizing re- search fruits of applications in the literature. The software/hardware implementation for P sys- tems is analyzed to generalize the research advance. Finally, some important online resources, hot topics and further research paths are provided.
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