中文摘要：

以红壤和黑土肥力与肥料效益监测站土壤为研究对象，研究了长期（21年）不同施肥（不施肥对照、施用氮磷钾、氮磷钾配施有机肥）处理下，表层（0—20cm）和亚表层（20—40cm）土壤硫素形态组成、分布及演变规律．结果表明：长期施用化肥及化肥配施有机肥处理下，表层土壤全硫比对照分别增加42％、33％（红壤）和6％、76％（黑土）；除红壤氮磷钾处理外，亚表层土壤全硫受施肥影响较小，且明显低于相应表层土壤．有效硫和盐酸可提取态硫分别为红壤和黑土中的主要无机硫形态．施用化肥及化肥配施有机肥的红壤表层有效硫比对照分别增加了447％和102％，并促进了有效硫向亚表层的迁移、累积；而施用化肥及化肥配施有机肥处理的黑土表层有效硫仅比对照分别增加54％和93％，其对亚表层土壤有效硫的影响也不大．有机硫形态在两种土壤中都以酯键硫和残渣态硫为主．长期施肥影响下的表层和亚表层土壤中残渣态硫含量比对照分别增加了32％和55％以上；土壤中性质相对活跃的酯键硫和碳键硫受施肥影响不显著，而与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系（P〈O．05）．此外，长期施肥试验表明大气硫沉降对土壤硫素输入的影响值得重视．

英文摘要：

Sulfur （S） forms in two contrasting soils （a red soil and a black soil） under different long-term fertilization treatments （ from 1990 to 2011 ） from the National Long-term Monitoring Net- work of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects of China were investigated using a fractionation scheme in order to explore the distribution and transportation of S with different forms in the soils. The soil samples were collected from the topsoil （0-20 cm） and subsoil （20-40 cm） horizons that were treated with no fertilizers （CK）, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers （NPK）, or NPK plus organic manures （MNPK） since 1990. The results indicated that when compared with the CK, total S contents in the topsoil layers treated with NPK and MNPK were increased by 42% and 33% for the red soil, and by 6% and 76% for the black soil, respectively, while the total S in the sub- soil layer was less affected by the fertilization treatments and obviously lower than in the topsoil layer except for the red soil treated with NPK. The main forms of inorganic S in the red soil and black soil were found to be available S and HCl-extracted S, respectively. The application of NPK and MNPK increased the available S by 447% and 102% in the topsoil layer of the red soil compared with CK, and facilitated the transportation of available S into the lower depth. In contrast, NPK and MNPK only increased the available S by 54% and 93% in the topsoil layer of the black soil, and showed a slight influence on available S in the subsoil. The organic S forms were predominantly composed of ester S and residual S in the two soils. Under long-term fertilization, the residual S significantly in- creased over 32% and 55% in the topsoil and subsoil layers, respectively, compared with CK. The ester S and carbon-bonded S, which were relatively active, were less affected by the fertilization treatments, but positively related to the level of organic carbon in each soil （P〈0.05）. In addi- tion, the results from the long-term ex