中文摘要：

林火是森林生态系统重要的干扰因子，是导致植被和土壤碳储量减少的重要路径之一。森林火灾总碳和含碳气体的排放对气候变化具有重要影响，科学有效地对其进行计量，对了解全球的碳平衡和碳循环，以及森林火灾对大气碳平衡的影响机理均有重要意义。大兴安岭是我国唯一的寒温带针叶林区，又是森林火灾的多发区，科学计量该区森林火灾的碳排放量，对了解区域碳平衡具有重要意义。根据大兴安岭2001--2010年森林火灾统计资料和森林资源清查中各林型可燃物载量数据，通过野外调查和采样，并结合野外火烧迹地调查与室内控制环境实验相结合的方法确定各种计量参数，从林分水平上计量大兴安岭2001--2010年问森林火灾所排放的总碳和含碳气体排放量。结果表明：大兴安岭在10a间森林火灾所排放的总碳量为5．36×10^6t；含碳气体排放量CO）、CO、CH4和NMHC分别为1．73×10^7t、1．10×10^6t、7．10×10^4t和3．50×10^4t。通过分析可知3种兴安落叶松林型（杜鹃-落叶松林、杜香-落叶松林和草类-落叶松林）对该区的碳排放具有重要贡献，占总碳排放量的83．08％，占含碳气体排放量C02、CO、CH4和NMHC分别为83．36％、82．25％、57．96％、81．00％。同时研究表明，该区年均的碳排放对区域碳平衡产生重要影响。

英文摘要：

Forest fires are a primary disturbance in forest ecosystems, and can reallocate carbon among different carbon pools by influencing ecosystem structure and processes, thus significantly decreasing carbon stored in vegetation and soil. Large amounts of carbon are released into the atmosphere from forest fires each year, which has significant effects on the carbon cycle and carbon storage. Forest fires are a significant source of a number of important trace gas species to the atmosphere; thus they significantly contribute to variations of atmospheric concentrations of carbon-containing trace gases. Accurate estimations of carbon emission from forest fires are critical to the understanding of effects of forest fires on atmospheric carbon balance mechanisms. Daxing＇anling Mountain is the only cold temperate coniferous forest in China, and is the area in China with the most forest fires. Therefore, assessment of the atmospheric contribution of fires in the Daxing＇ anling Mountain forest is critical to the understanding of regional carbon balance. In this paper, we estimated emissions of carbon （C） and carbon-containing trace gases, including CO2, CO, CH4, and nonmethane hydrocarbons （NMHC） from forest fires in Daxing＇anling Mountain of Heilongiiang Province from 2001 to 2010, using a combination of forest fire inventory, forest resources inventory, field research, and laboratory experiments.Our results suggest that the total carbon emissions from forest fires of the forest types in Daxing＇anling Mountain was about 5.36×10^6 metric tons （t） during this period, and mean annual carbon emissions from forest fires in Daxing＇anling Mountain come to about 5.36×10^5 t per year, which is the sum of the atmospheric emissions of four trace gases as follows： （ 1 ） 1.73×10^7 t CO2, mean annual 1.73×10^6 t CO2; （2） 1.10×10^6 t CO, mean annual 1.10×10^5 t CO; （3） 7.10×10^4 t CH4, mean annual 7.10×10^3 t CH4; and （4） 3.50×10^4 t NMHC, mean annual 3.50×10^3 t NMHC. Our study indic