中文摘要：

功能对称在机械中普遍存在,并对实现设计需求起着重要作用。系统研究机械功能对称的概念,提出由功能对称、性能对称和约束对称组成的广义功能对称体系,并定义由对称主体、对称组元和对称基准组成的功能对称要素。根据对称基准的不同将功能对称分成效用对称和时空对称两大类,再根据对称主体、组元、变换操作等的不同做进一步分类,从而建立起功能对称体系的树状层次结构。最后,分析各种功能对称之间的相互关系,在分析大量机械实例的基础上初步总结了功能对称在机械设计中的若干应用知识。

英文摘要：

Function symmetry exists widely in mechanical systems.It plays an important role in the accomplishment of design requirements.The fundamental concept of the function symmetry is studied systematically,the generalized function symmetry architecture which is composed of the function symmetry,performance symmetry and constraint symmetry is put forward,and the function symmetry elements which consist of symmetry body,symmetry unit and symmetry criterion are defined.The function symmetry is divided into effect symmetry and space-time symmetry according to the difference of its symmetry criterion,and it will also be divided into other types according to the difference of its symmetry body,unit and transformation operation.Thereby,the hierarchical tree of the function symmetry architecture is established.At last,based on the analysis of a large number of mechanical instances,the relationships among those kinds of function symmetries are discussed,and the rudimentary knowledge for the application of function symmetry are summarized.