中文摘要：

为了探索机械系统原理分解对称的作用机理及其在产品创新设计中的应用规律，建立由原理时空对称和原理效用对称组成的机械原理对称体系．原理效用对称描述多个原理方案实现相同目的功能的等效性，可分为原理分解对称、组合对称和置换对称3种类型，其中原理分解对称可进一步分为异种原理分解对称和同种原理分解对称．基于原理分解对称的作用机理和效用，提出原理分解对称的17个设计准则和2个设计原理．建立“产品性能需求-原理解缺点-原理分解对称设计准则／原理”关联模型，提出应用原理分解对称知识实现产品原理创新的进程．给出一个实例，说明作者如何运用提出的方法，借助于原理分解对称的设计准则而发明一种能抵消附加磁扭矩的电锤钻的创新过程，并验证相关应用知识的有效性．

英文摘要：

In order to explore the working mechanism and its application knowledge of mechanical principle decomposition symmetry in the process of product creative design, the paper proposed the mechanical principle symmetry architecture, which is composed of principle effect symmetry and principle space-time symmetry. Principle effect symmetry described the equivalence of several principle solutions that could satisfy the same targeted function. It can be divided into principle decomposition symmetry, combination symmetry and permutation symmetry. Further, principle decomposition symmetry can be divided into heterogeneous principle decomposition symmetry and homogeneous principle decomposition symmetry. By means of analyzing the working mechanism and effect of principle decomposition symmetry among a large number of mechanical instances, 17 guidelines and 2 principles for principle design were summarized, and a relational model for ＂product performance requirements-defects of principle solution-design guidelines/ principles of decomposition symmetry＂ is constructed. Based on the above study, a process for principle creative design with knowledge of principle decomposition symmetry is put forward. With the aid of the design guidelines of principle decomposition symmetry, an electric hammer with the magnetic impact mechanism that could counteract an additional magnetic torque was invented, which illustrated the process of principle creative design and the effectiveness of related application knowledge.