中文摘要：

对利用野外树木激光扫描获取的海量点云数据来提取树木几何与拓扑特征并以此来构建树木三维模型的方法进行综述。在总结基于激光点云的树木建模基本原理和步骤的基础上,围绕单树点云数据的分割、树枝骨架的提取与优化、单木模型的表面重建等主要过程,对各种具体实现技术或方法进行分类、分析和评价,最后对生成的树木模型的精度和未来的技术发展趋势进行简要分析。

英文摘要：

Three-dimensional vegetation structural information is critical for many ecological studies and applications in forestry. It is a non-trivial job to reconstruct accurate and realistic 3D tree model based on the point cloud data collected from terrestrial laser scanners. Although the point cloud data represent the accurate surface information, due to complex structure of trees and occlusion, the data can be noisy and missing. We review the algorithms to extract geometric and topological information from the unorganized point cloud, and procedure for point cloud segmentation, skeleton extraction from point cloud of tree branches and individual 3D tree model reconstruction. We also compare the existing algorithms and suggest the future direction to efficiently and reliably extract information from LiDAR point cloud.