中文摘要：

本文将产业集聚因素纳入资源错配理论研究框架，构建了包含集聚因素的资源错配改善效果模型。进一步将资源错配程度细分．计算了排除集聚因素影响的分行业资源错配指数。研究结果表明，中国72％的行业资本配置不足．69％的行业劳动力配置过剩；资本密集型行业资本配置普遍过剩．劳动力密集型行业资本配置普遍不足．技术密集型行业劳动力配置存在明显缺口。产业集聚的改善效果主要通过产业集聚形成的降低资本门槛和优化劳动力结构来获得。能够在资本配置过度和劳动力配置不足时改善资源错配．弹性作用分别为0．0737和0．1460：但在资本配置不足和劳动力配置过度时加剧资源错配．弹性作用分别为0．0568和0．0292。资本门槛和劳动力结构通过与产业集聚的协同作用．对资本配置不足和劳动力配置过度产生积极作用．强化并补足产业集聚对资源错配的改善效果。本文通过分地区研究发现，产业集聚对集聚程度较高的东部地区改善效果更好，集聚程度较低的中西部地区改善范围更广．这为优化中国产业布局、提高资源利用效率和平衡地区发展提供了政策依据．

英文摘要：

This paper incorporated industry agglomeration into the misallocation of resources theoretical framework, and constructed improving effect model. By extending the method of Levinsohn and Petrin, we calculated the misallocation index in China. The research indicates that 72% industries are capital allocation inadequate and 69% are labor allocation excessive, and most of capital-intensive industries have configuration phenomenon of excess capital allocation. At the same time, labor-intensive industries are mostly capital inadequate, the lack of labor allocation occuired in the technology-intensive industries. The improvement of agglomeration mainly through the capital threshold and labor structure effect on misallocation. They can create synergies to improve excessive capital allocation and inadequate labor allocation, the elastic coefficient are 0.0737 and 0.1460. But industrial agglomeration will do harm to inadequate capital allocation and excessive labor allocation, the elastic coefficient are 0.0568 and 0.0292. The capital threshold and labor structure can also have an effective role in misallocation of resources. Through subregional study we found that industry agglomeration in the Eastern region has a better effect, but it has a wider range of improvement in the Midwest part of China. The regional conclusion provided evidences for China＇s industrial layout, improving resource utilization efficiency and balancing regional development.