中文摘要：

为了在小麦品质育种中充分利用品种资源，以引进的57份小麦品种（系）为试验材料，采用SDS—PAGE和单籽粒硬度仪（SKCS）分析了这些品种（系）的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW—GS）组成及其籽粒硬度。共检测到13种亚基和21种亚基组合，30份材料具有5＋10亚基，10份2^＊，9份17＋18，1份13＋16。5＋10和2^＊在硬质麦中出现的频率较混合麦高，在软质麦中的频率最低，17＋18在混合麦中的频率较高。HMW—GS组合中，Null、7＋9、2＋12和1、7＋8、2＋12的频率较高，分别为17．5％和14．0％，个别品种还同时聚合有1A、1B、1D上的优质亚基。参试品种（系）含硬质麦32份（1级20份、2级12份），混合麦15份（2级3份，3级12份），软质麦10份（4级6份，5级4份），籽粒硬度的分布范围为12～74。春小麦和冬小麦材料Nei＇s平均遗传变异系数分别为0．5508和0．5733，表明春小麦的高分子量谷蛋白位点的遗传变异略低于冬小麦；春小麦和冬小麦A、B和D基因组的Nei＇s平均遗传变异系数分别为0．4975、0．6487和0．5403，说明Glu—B1位点的遗传多样性最高，其次是Glu—D1位点，Glu—A1位点最低。

英文摘要：

In order to make full use and kernel hardnesses of 57 introd Kennel Characterization System （ subunits and 21 subunit combinati found to number 30, 10, 9 and 1, （lines） at a higher frequency than of cuhi uced cu SKCS ） var germplasms in wheat quality breeding,HMW-GS components hivars and （lines） were examined by SDS-PAGE and with Single ,resp ons ,and the respectively. in mixed cult ectively. These cultivars （lines） were found to contain 13 cultivars with subunits 5＋10,2^＊ ,17＋18,and 13＋16 were Subunits 5＋ 10 and 2^＊ appeared in hard wheat cultivars ivars,and occurred in soft wheat cultivars at the lowest frequency,and subunit 17＋18 occurred in mixed wheat cultivars at a higher frequency. Of the HMW-GS compositions, the combination of subunits Null, 7 ＋ 9 and 2＋ 12 and the combination of subunits 1,7 ＋ 8 and 2＋ 12 took place at higher frequencies, 17.5 % and 14.0% ,respectively,Some cuhivars had all the quality subunits from 1A, 1B and 1D. The tested cuhivars （lines） included 32 hard wheat cuhivars （20 Grade-1 ones and 12 Grade-2 ones）,15 mixed wheat cultivars （3 Grade-2 ones and 12 Grade-3 ones） and 10 soft wheat cultivars （6 Grade-4 ones and 4 Grade-5 ones） and their kennel hardnesses ranged within 12-74. The average Nei＇s genetic variation indexes of the spring and winter wheat cuhivars were 0. 550 8 and 0. 573 3,respectively,which indicated that HMW-GS sites of spring wheat cultivars had lower genetic variation than those of winter wheat cultivars;the average Nei＇s genetic variation indexes of genomes A,B and D in spring and winter wheat cultivars were 0. 497 5,0. 648 7 and 0. 540 3,respectively,indicating that Glu- B1 had the highest genetic diversity and followed by Glu-D1 and Glu-A1 had the lowest genetic diversity.