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中文摘要：
人口老龄化会通过影响劳动力供给、劳动力年龄分布和劳动效率对制造业出口比较优势产生影响。文章在对日本人口老龄化和出口比较优势现状分析的基础上，通过建立误差修正模型对二者关系进行了实证检验。发现虽然日本制造业在国际市场上具有较强的出口比较优势，但随着人口老龄化程度加剧，出口比较优势呈现下降趋势，这一结果对于不同的出口比较优势指标来说都是稳健的。文章为分析中国人口结构变动的影响提供了借鉴和启示。
英文摘要：
Population aging has an influence on export comparative advantage by affecting labor supply, labor age distribution and labor efficiency. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of Japan population aging and export comparative advantage, we establish error correction model to test the relationship of them. We come to the conclusions that, although Japan＇s manufacturing industry has a stronger export comparative advantage in the international market, along with the population aging degree aggravating, export comparative advantage has showed a downward trend, these results are robust for different export comparative advantage indexes. These conclusions provide reference and enlightenment to analysis China＇s demographic change.
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