中文摘要：

美国统计学会＂关于统计显著性与P值＂的官方声明发布之后,再次引发国内外研究学者对P值的广泛关注。在介绍国内统计教材中假设检验的基本内容和步骤的基础上,以＂硬币投掷＂与＂背影识人＂为例直观性解释P值、统计显著性与统计功效等相关概念,并引用心理学统计经典调查案例分析P值被误读的原因。同时,基于美国统计学会的声明,给出正确使用P值的建议。

英文摘要：

After the ASA＇s statement on p-values and significance,p-value was brought to the attention of the scholars.The paper briefly explains p-value,statistical significance,and statistical power concepts,through ＂ Coin-Throwing＂ and ＂ Hair Length Determine Person＇s＂ intuitive examples,analysis the reason of p-value misreading with the classic case of psychological statistics.The paper strongly recommends that researchers in accordance with the ＂ Six Principles＂ of proper use the p-value,based on the official statement of ASA.