中文摘要：

注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种儿童期神经发育性疾病，其核心症状为注意缺陷、多动和冲动，同时伴其他认知问题的风险也大大增加。然而，导致本病核心症状，如运动缺陷，与其他认知损伤症状共存的神经解剖和功能环路机制至今尚不清楚。现主要从系统、神经环路、细胞和分子层面综述近年来在感觉运动一认知调控领域和相关疾病障碍研究中的学术进展。此外，基于对感觉运动一认知双向调控的理论基础，强调加强体育运动可作为ADHD诸多认知症状的重要行为干预和缓解手段。

英文摘要：

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders （ADHD） , a neurodevelopmental disability with core symptoms of inattention,hyperactivity and impulsivity increases the risk of many cognitive problems. However,the brain structures and pathways involved in the interplays between the core symptoms, such as activity deficits, and cognitive impairments have remained unknown over the past decades. This article review the academic developments in recent years that elucidate the neural mechanisms involved in the sensorimotor cognitive difficulties at systematic, circuitry, cellular, and molecular levels. The treatment potentials of physical activity enhancement were addressed, as a new alter- native and supplementary therapeutic strategy for ADHD, based on our current understanding of the neurobiology of cog- nitive - sensorimotor interaction.