中文摘要：

水生生态毒理学方法可以直观地反映水体中的污染物对水生生物的综合毒性，是预测和控制水体污染的一种有效辅助手段。论文从受试生物出发，综述了国内外几种典型的水生生物急性毒性检测方法的原理及其应用情况，并对微生物传感器在生物毒性分析中的优势及其今后的研究方向进行了阐述。

英文摘要：

Aquatic ecotoxicology can intuitively reflect the comprehensive toxicity of pollutants to aquatic organisms, which is an effective adjuvant means in predicting and controlling water contamination. The principals and applications of several typical acute biotoxicity tests on aquatic organisms at home and abroad are reviewed in this paper, advantages of microbial biosensors for biotoxicity and the future research directions are also presented.