中文摘要：

以长江水系大规格中华绒螯蟹野生群体和养殖群体为选育基础群,以降低一龄性早熟率、提前或延后二龄成熟期和提高成蟹规格为主要选育目标,进行中华绒螯蟹良种培育,综合比较野生和养殖群体选育子一代（野选G1,养选G1）的养殖性能和性腺发育情况,结果显示：（1）扣蟹养殖阶段,野选和养选G1的早熟率分别比对照组降低36.89%和15.25%,养选G1早熟率略高于野选G1（P〉0.05）;野选G1在9—11月平均体重略低于养选G1和对照组,且8—9月野选G1的增重率和特定生长率显著低于对照组;野选和养选G1的正常扣蟹产量显著高于对照组,且两选育群体G1早熟蟹的产量显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;（2）成蟹养殖阶段,野选G1的生殖蜕壳时间和性腺发育略晚于对照组,养选G1的生殖蜕壳时间和性腺发育略早于对照组;（3）三群体中华绒螯蟹在成蟹养殖阶段的早期（3—6月）生长速度接近,6—8月野选G1雄体的增重率和特定生长率明显低于其它两组,8—9月则明显高于其它两群体雄体;野选G1雌体的生长速度仅在6—7月明显低于其它两组,7—9月则反之;（4）野选G1的平均产量显著高于对照组,两选育群体最终成蟹平均规格均高于对照组,仅野选G1雌体成蟹体重显著大于对照组（P〈0.05）;无论雌体还是雄体,野选和养选G1成蟹平均体重均比对照组大10%以上;两选育群体雄体和雌体的大规格成蟹（雄蟹≥175g,雌蟹≥125g）比例均高于对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。综上,野选G1具有一龄扣蟹早熟率低、二龄成蟹规格大和性腺成熟时间略有推迟等特点,养选G1具有扣蟹养殖阶段饲料系数低、性腺发育时间提前和成蟹规格大等特点,两群体G1均具有进一步选育的潜力。

英文摘要：

To reduce precocious rate of the first year juveniles, to promote or delay the maturation time, and to increase the size of the second-year adults, we compared the culture performance and gonad development of the first generation（G1） in a mass selective-breeding program from wild and cultured populations（designated as WSB G1 and CSB G1）. The control was not selectively-bred ones taken from another culture population. The experiment lasted two years from Nov.—Dec. 2010 to Oct. 20, 2012. The results show that during the first year juvenile culture, the precocious rate of selectively-bred ones was 36.89%（WSB G1） and 15.25%（CSB G1）, lower than that of the control treatment. The mean body weight of juveniles from Sep. to Nov. 2010 was similar in all treatments, while the weight gain rate（WGR） and specific growth rate（SGR） of WSB G1 adults from Aug. to Sep. 2011 were significantly lower than those of the other treatments. However, the production of juvenile crab of WSB G1 and CSB G1 was significantly higher than that of the control, and the production of precocious crab of the two populations were significantly lower than that of the control（P〈0.05）. In addition, during the second year culture for adult crab, the puberty molting and gonad maturation of WSB G1 appeared later than those of the control, but the CSB G1 started earlier than that of the control. Moreover, the body weights of all populations were similar during the early stage（Mar. to Jun.） of adult crab culture, the WGR and SGR of male WSB G1 were significantly lower than those of the other treatments during Jun. to Aug, but opposite during the Aug. to Sep., while the female WSB G1 had lower WGR and SGR during Jun. to Jul., but higher WGR and SGR during Jul to Sep. than the other two treatments. In harvest, the adult production of WSB G1 was significantly higher than the control, and the adult crab size of two populations in selective-breeding program was higher than the control. The weight of WSB G1 females was significan