中文摘要：

日益凸显的气候变化和能源问题对电力行业提出了低碳化发展的迫切要求。文中根据电力系统碳排放的产生机理，剖析了电力行业碳排放的结构及其影响因素，建立了基于增量分析法的电力系统碳排放结构辨识与评价方法，并提出了按照碳排放结构评价其低碳化贡献的方法。根据国内“2020年非化石能源消费比重提高到15％”的发展目标，从电力碳排放构成分量中挖掘出可对该目标作出贡献的部分，建立了电力系统低碳目标贡献率的计算方法。以广东省为例，计算了该省2010年至2020年间碳排放的构成及其对中国2020年能源低碳化发展目标的贡献率，验证了所提出方法的效果。

英文摘要：

The key points, difficulties, and developments of distributed energy resources and energy efficiency as seen at the 21st International Conference on Electricity Distribution （CIRED 2011） are presented. The introduction mainly focuses on four directions, i.e. distributed generation（DG）/distributed energy resource （DER） planning and studies, control of networks with DG/DER, customer side development and DG/DER technology. These topics are hoped to help engineers and researchers widen their vision in related research fields and deepen their understanding of the problems, opportunities, and challenges faced by the distribution system, and finally to promote the R＆D and engineering application of smart grid technologies in China.