中文摘要：

在医学上，“高原”是指海拔3000m以上的高原或高山地区。近来，主流观点认为该海拔标准应降至2500m。我国高原面积广阔，且大部分位于西部等边陲要地，长期有大量人群居住，包括藏族等高原世居人群和由低海拔地区移居高原的汉族和其他民族人群。

英文摘要：

In 1995, Chinese researchers classified chronic high altitude disease （CHAD） into 4 subtypes, i. e. , high altitude polycythemia, high altitude heart disease, high altitude deterioration, and mixed type chronic high altitude disease. Diagnostic criteria were accordingly developed. In 2004, the world consensus of CHAD came to a statement, and classified this disease into 2 sub-types, i. e. , chronic mountain sickness （CMS） or Monge＇ s disease, and high altitude pulmonary hypertension. In this diagnostic criteria also known as ＂Qinghai criteria＂, the Qinghai CMS score was designed for the first time to assess the severity of CMS among different investigations. Both Chinese classification and ＂ Qinghai criteria＂ showed the advantages and disadvantages in clinical practice and studies. The treatment of CHAD has been improved slowly in recent years, and the ideal measure remains to be migration to low altitude.