中文摘要：

人体组织和器官的重建及修复一直是生命科学、医学等相关领域研究的热点，制造科学、材料科学与生命科学不断发展及交叉融合，使得体外构建人体组织和器官的功能性替代物成为可能。将细胞及生物材料作为成形加工的对象，在体外构建具有特殊三维结构及功能的类组织前体，扩大了现代制造科学的学科领域及内涵，拓宽了材料加工技术的应用领域，也为生命科学的发展注入了新的活力。从制造科学的角度，在阐述细胞与生物材料的成形制造中所涉及的主要科学问题的基础上，从单一的细胞、材料以及细胞和材料共同参与的成形制造等3个方面总结了国内外主要的成形制造技术及研究进展，并进行了分析和评价。

英文摘要：

Reconstruction and rehabilitation of human tissue and organs is a highly-focused and explored field in life science and medical researches. The development and interfusion of manufacturing science, material science and life science offer possibility of constructing functional substitutes of human tissue and organs in vitro. By regarding cells and biological materials as the object during forming processing, construction of three-dimensional analogy tissue precursor with special structure and functions expands the field and connotation of modem manufacturing sciences, widens the application field of materials processing technology, and injects new vitality into the development of life sciences. From the viewpoint of manufacturing science, on the basis of explaining the major scientific issues in the forming and manufacturing process of ceils and biological materials, the major manufacturing technology and research progress in three aspects are presented, and the conclusion and evaluation are summarized.