中文摘要：

利用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法（LC-Q-TOF）分析比较冰岛刺参（Cucumaria frondosa）和南非花刺参（Stichopus variegatus）脑苷脂的分子种组成。以氯仿-甲醇（2∶1,V/V）溶液提取,经皂化和SPE净化,在正离子模式下,通过自动二级（MS/MS）方式同时获取脑苷脂分子的一级和二级质谱图。筛取含180Da中性丢失碎片的分子,再结合二级质谱中的长链碱和脂肪酸碎片,确定每种脑苷脂分子的结构。研究表明：一次性从冰岛刺参中分析出56种脑苷脂分子,从南非花刺参中分析出109种脑苷脂分子;南非花刺参含长链碱种类较多,为15种,冰岛刺参含长链碱11种。冰岛刺参脑苷脂中鞘氨醇型长链碱占91.84%,南非花刺参脑苷脂中鞘氨醇型长链碱占85.97%;脂肪酸的组成均为17-25碳的饱和或单不饱和脂肪酸,且以24碳脂肪酸为主。冰岛刺参脑苷脂中2-羟基脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的33.50%,饱和脂肪酸∶单不饱和脂肪酸≈2∶3;南非花刺参脑苷脂中2-羟基脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的76.73%,饱和脂肪酸∶单不饱和脂肪酸≈2∶1。研究结果显示,在抑制肿瘤细胞增长、预防癌症方面南非花刺参脑苷脂较冰岛刺参脑苷脂可能具有更好的生物活性。本研究为不同海参脑苷脂的活性研究和营养评价提供了参考与借鉴。

英文摘要：

To compare cerebroside molecular species from sea cucumbers Cucumaria frondosa and Stichopus variegatus,liquid chromatography—quadrupole-time-of-flight（LC-Q-TOF）mass spectrometry was used.The cerebrosides from sea cucumbers were extracted with chloroform-methanol（2∶1,V/V）solution,saponified,and purified by a SPE cartridge.In positive electrospray ionization（ESI）mode,the mass spectra of precursor ion scan and product ion scan were obtained simultaneously through the automatic MS/MS mode.Cerebroside molecules were separated and identified on the basis of both mass and hydrophobicity.According to total ion chromatogram（TIC）and neutral loss chromatogram（NLC）of180Da,the shapes of TLC and NLC were nearly the same.Cerebroside molecular species were screened by identifying overlapping peaks with signal to noise ratio（S/N） 10.Fifty-six cerebroside molecular species fromCucumaria frondosaand 109 cerebroside molecular species fromStichopus variegatus were identified rapidly.After comparison,more than 15long-chain bases（LCB）of cerebrosides were found in Stichopus variegatus than in Cucumaria frondosa（11LCB）.The percentage of the total sphingosines of cerebrosides in Cucumaria frondosa and Stichopus variegatus was 91.84% and 85.97%,respectively.For fatty acids,the carbon number varied between 17 and 25.The 24 carbon fatty acids were predominant.The relative ratio of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids of cerebrosides fromCucumaria frondosa was about 2∶3,and the percentage of 2-hydroxy fatty acids was about 33.50%.The relative ratio of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids fromStichopus variegatus was about 2∶1,and the percentage of 2-hydroxy fatty acids was about 76.73%.Major fatty acids composition of cerebroside molecular species fromStichopus variegatus was similar to that fromCucumaria frondosa;however they were highly hydroxylated,which regulate mammalian cell function significantly.This study indicated that cerebrosides fromStichopus variegatus mig